Telegraphic relay.



I. KITSEB.

TELEGRAPHIG RELAY.

APPLICATION FILED PEB.14, 1902.

900,553, Patented Oct. 6, 1908.

- Cale 37 E WITNESSES: r INVENTOR.

EMQM VLfiy/Z land a W ISIDQB. KITSEE, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.-

TELEGBAIPHIG RELAY.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Oct. 6, 1908.

Application filed February 14, 1908. SeriaiNo. $15,892.

ject is, to translate or relay telegraphic.

impulses with the aid of receiving devices inserted in the line and has more special reference to telegraphing over lines with distributed ca: acity, such as submarine cables.

T o avoi any possibility of injury to the insu-latin coating of the cable, it is an essentialcondition that none but very weak currents should be employed and the receiving device has to be, therefore,;of a very sensiw tive nature.

With devices as are now employed in cable telegraphy, such as a reflecting galvanomeler or siphon recorder, the messa es transmitted can only be read with the ai of the flash or recorded curves. tion to translate these im ulscs into sound,

if so required, or to relay t e same automatically to another line. I make use of the property of a selenium cell to change the resistance through rays of light. A selenium cell having normally a great resistance vsill oiier to the flow of the current far less resistance when exposed to such rays. To intensify the chan e, it is only necessary either to expose the ce 1 for a greater length of time to lig t rays, or to intensify these rays. The

operator, therefore, has it in his power to quickly decrease the resistance of such cells, but I have found that in practice the cell,

once exposed to intense rays,'will not regain its former status at once after the exposure to the rays has ceased, and it takes an a preciable time till the resistance of the ce has again become a normal one. When a selenium cell has to be used as a medium for translating telegraphic im ulses, this behavior is of the greatest disa vantage, for the reason that if exposed afew times in c uick succession to the rays of light, the cell cannot be depended upon to operate an electromagnetic device through the change "of-resistance. I found it is necessary to so arrange matters thata selenium cell shall be given a 1011 period of restafter having been exposed to t e rays of light.

In the accompanying drawing, I have illus pulses wit It is the aim cf my inventrated a s stem of translating received imh the aid of selenium cells and I ave illustrated one mode of substituting, after each impulse received, afreshcell for the one previously exposed to the rays of light; it being obvious that the arrangement may difier to suit requirements. I have also illustrated one arrangement with the. aid of which the received impulses may be relayed to a second cable and with the aid of which a series of selenium cells may be moved, so as to expose successively successive cells to the rays of light; it being understood that other means may be provided therefor without departing from the scope of my invention.

The drawing represents 111 diagrammatic view a relaying arrangement embodying my invention. y

In this drawing, 1 is a reflector, such as a mirrorfsugported by the movable part of a receiving evice inserted in the line. This movable part may consist, in the case where a reflecting galvanometer is employed, of the movable needle and where the recorder is employed, of the si hon itself, or any device substituted for sai siphon and this support is designated by the numeral 2.

3 is a source of light.

4 and 5 are organisms of selenium cells; the organism 4 comprising the cells 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 and the organism 5 comprising the cells 11, 12, 13, 1 4 and 15. .Each cell is provided with two terminals; one terminal of each cell centers in the conducting ring 16 and the other terminal of each cel is placed in a position so that in the revolving of the organism, the same may connect with the brushes 17 or 18 ifin proximity thereto." The rings 16 are connected together electrically through the wire 19. The means to move .or. rotate the selenium cells are here shown as step-bystep movements 20 and 21; the ste -by-step movement-20 comprising-theratc et wheel 22, thepawl 23 and the 'electro-magnet 24.

The means 2'1are here shown as comprising the ratchet wheel 25, the pawl 26 and the electr c-magnet 27 In this arrangement, the selenium cells 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 are',-i-n

reality moun'ted on the wheel 22 andthe.

selenium cells 11', 12, 13, 14 and 15 on the wheel25. To better illustrate this art of my invention 1. have not shown e organis'ms 4 and, 5 in conjunction with the means. 20 and 21,- but I have indicatedthe mounting of these cells on the wheels by dotted lines. Q

I to the armature 57.

30 is an electro-magnetic device here shown as a polarized differential relay comprising the windings 31 and 32, and the armature 33. The junction of these windings is connected with one ole of the source of current, here shown as battery 29; the other pole of said battery is connected through wire 28 with wire 19. The free terminal of winding 31 is connected through wire 36 with brush 17. The free terminal of winding 32 is connected through wire 37 with brush 18. I have provided the armature 33 with the clap er 46. In proximity to this clapper are t e gongs 34 and 35'; the gong 34 connected with the ositive pole of the source of current 38; t e negative pole of said source is grounded. The gong 35 is connected to the negative pole of the source 39 .the positive pole of which is grounded.

40 and 43 are inductoriums. The prima 42 of 40 is included in the circuit containing the source and the secondary 41 thereof is'connected to the coil of electromagnet 24. The primary 44 of 43 is inserted in the circuit of the source 51 and the secondary 45 is connected to the coil of electromagnet 27. In the wire 36 is inserted the electro-magnet 52 provided with the armature 53 normally held against the stop 54. The source 50 is connected with one pole to the stops 55 and with the other pole to the armature 53. In the wire 37 is connected the electro-Inagnet 56 provided with the armature 57 resting normally against the stop 58. The source 51 is connected with one pole to the stop 59 and with the other ole Normally, there ore, the circuits of the source 50 as well as 51 are open.

I will now describe the operation of the arrangement as illustrated: Normally, that is, when the movable part of the receiving device is at its zero position, the reflector or mirror 1 is, as stated above, in a position as is indicated in solid line on the drawing. It is now supposed that the incoming impulses have an ultimate effect on the support 2, so as to deflect the same to the right or left in accordancewith the polarity of the impulse impressed upon the line.

As stated above, the arrangement as described may be applied to any of the different systems of cable telegra by, but it is supposed that the system 0 transmitting true reversals is here employed. In this system,

each character of the alphabet is characterized by two impulses; the dot by two impulses following each other in quick succession and the dash by two impulses following each other after' the necessary unit of time has passed. In this system, the impulses are always of opposite polarity. It is supposed that the first 1m ulse isalways 'a(posit1ve and the deflection o the support an reflector is therefore to the right an the second or" closaccess ing im ulse is a negative and that therefore the def ection of the support and reflector is to the left. In its normal condition, both step-by-step movements will be idle and one selenium cell of each of the selenium organisms will be exposed to the deflected rays of light if the mirror has changed its position but they will not be exposed to any rays of light as long as the mirror remains at zero.

In the drawing, the cell 9 of the organism 4 is right opposite the aperture through which the rays of light may be admitted and oppositely the cell 15 of the organism 5 is also 0p osite the a erture through which the rays 0 ight may e admitted. It is now supposed that the operator at the transmitting station transmits the letter A consisting of a dot and a dash. He impresses upon the line a positive impulse whereby the mirror deflects to the right and in quick succession a negative impulse whereby the mirror deflects to the left. As soon as through the deflection to the right, the deflected rays are impressed u on the cell 15, the resistance of the same is owered in a manner so that the current from the battery 29 can pass through this cell and the circuit for said current will be as follows :-From the positive pole of the source 29, through wire 28, part ofv the wire 19, ring 16 of the organism 5, selenium cell 15, brush 18, wire 37, through winding 32 of the device 30 and return to the negative pole of said source.

We assume that the arrangement of the device 30 is such that through the passing of this current through 32, the armature is made to contact with the contact or gong 35. When this device 30 is only made to open and close another circuit, such for instance as contains a sounder, then 34 and 35 should be simply forward stops, but when no other device is present, the forward sto s should be replaced by gongs as illustrate and the operator will soon ascertain through the different tones of the gongs the character transmitted. It maybe stated that one gong, for instance the gong to the left, may be likened to the lower stop of a sounder and the gong, for instance to the right, the upper stop of the sounder.

When the operator has, through the depression of his key, impressed upon the line a positive impulse and this impulse has, as stated, thrown the armature 33 in contact with 35,he releases after one unit of timethe lever of the key and the releasing of this lever will impress upon the line anegative impulse. This negative impulse will move the sup ort 2 and the mirror 1 so as to deflect to the eft.

.circuit:The positive pole of 29, wire 28,

ring 16 of selenium organism, 4, selenium cell 9, brush 17, wire 36, electro-ma et '52,, and winding 31 of the device 30. ---hrenghith flow of this current through electro-magnet 52, the armature 53 will be drawn towards and, in contact with the stop 55. The circuit containing source 50 will be made and an impulse will be generated in the SGCOIldM'YAl of the device 40, thereby operatinggthe stepby -step movement. After the passing of th s impulse, the support 2 and therefore the mirron 1. will a ain resume the normal position' and the e ectro-magnet 52 will be deenergized, the armature 53 will, therefore, again break its contact with 55'; the circuit including the source 50 will be broken and a second impulse will be generated in the 'secon'dary 41 ofthe device 40. These two impulses will operate the step-by-step' 'movement. 20 in a manner so as tobrm out of circu'it the selenium cell '9 and bring nto-circuit the selenium cell 10. The'result of the nega-' 'tive impulse on the device is such as to c'ontainin force the armature 33 away from the stop or gong .35 and towards and in contact with the stcxpfir gong 34. 1

- en the operator desires to transmit adash, he depresses the key thereby sending a positive impulse upon the line and defiecting again the mirror to the rightlowering in the resistance of the cell 14, operating the circuit containing the electro-magnet 56 and the of time and then in releasing the key, he impresses upon the line a ain an impulse of negative polarity, where y the former operation of t e selenium organism 4'is re ated.

The time unit, therefore, between t e first and second impulse denotes whether a dot or dash is transmitted.

"Having now described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by LettersPatent is:--'

' 1. In a telegraphic receiving device, local circuitya selenium organism com rising a series of independent selenium cel s, means to lower the resistance of. said cells through the incoming impulses,*and means to move, after each im ulse, the selenium cell formerly in the local circuit outof said circuit and to move a selenium cell, formerly out of said circuit, in operative connection with saidcircuit.

.2. In a device of the class described, a series of selenium cells, a support for the same, means to conduct the incoming impulses, electro-magnetlc means depending on the incoming impulses. to place successively successive selenium cells in the path of the rays'of light, and a local circuit adapted to be operated by one or the other of said selenium cells. i

3. In adevice of the class described, a series of selenium cells, andelectro-magnetic Tmeans to replace the selenium cell acted upon by the rays of light with a selenium cell in its normal state and a local circuit containing a translating device and adapted to be operated b the selenium cells acted upon by the V rays 0 light.

device of theclass described, two series of selenlum cells, and electro-magnet1c means foreach of sald series to lace 1n the 4. Ina

circuit a selenium-cell of'norma resistance after the lowering of the resistance of a neighborin cell.

5. In a device of the class described, a relay inserted in the line of transmission, a

series of selenium cells, means to lower the resistance of one of said cells through rays of light deflected withthe aid of said relay, and

'means operatively related to saidseries of cells to take out of the circuit the cell with lower resistance and place in its stead ,a cell of normal. resistance.

.6. In a device of the class described, means to receive impulses with the aid of selenium cells, and electro-magnetic means -to -sub-' stitute, for the cell acted upon by the rays of light, a second cell of normal resistance.

7. In combination with a telegraphic relay inserted in the line of transmission, a selenium or anism com rising aseries of selenium ce s, means to' ower the resistance of one or the other of said cells through theincoming impulses, a local circuit, and electromagnetic means in said circuit to replace the cell acted upon with a cell of normal resistance.

8. In combination with atelegraphic re- I la inserted in the line of transmission, two se enium organisms, each comprising a series of selenium cells, means to decrease the resistance' of a cell of one or the other of said organisms through they incoming impulses, -a local circuit for each of said organisms and electro-magnetic means in each of said local circuits to re lace each of the cells acted upon with a,cell o normal resistance.

.[ In testimony whereof I aflix'my signature in presence of 'two -witness'es.

, I SIDOR KITSEE.

Witnesses: I

MARY C. SMrrr'r, EDITH -R. STILLEY. 

